University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. * Complete Textbook by OpenStax * Multiple Choices Questions (MCQ) * Essay Questions Flash Cards * Key-Terms Flash Cards Powered by QuizOver.com the leading online quiz creator https://www.quizover.com Unit 1. Thermodynamics 1. Temperature and Heat 1.1. Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 1.2. Thermometers and Temperature Scales 1.3. Thermal Expansion 1.4. Heat Transfer, Specific Heat, and Calorimetry 1.5. Phase Changes 1.6. Mechanisms of Heat Transfer 2. The Kinetic Theory of Gases 2.1. Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 2.2. Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed 2.3. Heat Capacity and Equipartition of Energy 2.4. Distribution of Molecular Speeds 3. The First Law of Thermodynamics 3.1. Thermodynamic Systems 3.2. Work, Heat, and Internal Energy 3.3. First Law of Thermodynamics 3.4. Thermodynamic Processes 3.5. Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 3.6. Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 4.1. Reversible and Irreversible Processes 4.2. Heat Engines 4.3. Refrigerators and Heat Pumps 4.4. Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 4.5. The Carnot Cycle 4.6. Entropy 4.7. Entropy on a Microscopic Scale Unit 2. Electricity and Magnetism 5. Electric Charges and Fields 5.1. Electric Charge 5.2. Conductors, Insulators, and Charging by Induction 5.3. Coulomb's Law 5.4. Electric Field 5.5. Calculating Electric Fields of Charge Distributions 5.6. Electric Field Lines 5.7. Electric Dipoles 6. Gauss's Law 6.1. Electric Flux 6.2. Explaining Gauss’s Law 6.3. Applying Gauss’s Law 6.4. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium 7. Electric Potential 7.1. Electric Potential Energy 7.2. Electric Potential and Potential Difference 7.3. Calculations of Electric Potential 7.4. Determining Field from Potential 7.5. Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors 7.6. Applications of Electrostatics 8. Capacitance 8.1. Capacitors and Capacitance 8.2. Capacitors in Series and in Parallel 8.3. Energy Stored in a Capacitor 8.4. Capacitor with a Dielectric 8.5. Molecular Model of a Dielectric 9. Current and Resistance 9.1. Electrical Current 9.2. Model of Conduction in Metals 9.3. Resistivity and Resistance 9.4. Ohm's Law 9.5. Electrical Energy and Power 9.6. Superconductors 10. Direct-Current Circuits 10.1. Electromotive Force 10.2. Resistors in Series and Parallel 10.3. Kirchhoff's Rules 10.4. Electrical Measuring Instruments 10.5. RC Circuits 10.6. Household Wiring and Electrical Safety 11. Magnetic Forces and Fields 11.1. Magnetism and Its Historical Discoveries 11.2. Magnetic Fields and Lines 11.3. Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field 11.4. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor 11.5. Force and Torque on a Current Loop 11.6. The Hall Effect 11.7. Applications of Magnetic Forces and Fields 12. Sources of Magnetic Fields 13. Electromagnetic Induction 14. Inductance 15. Alternating-Current Circuits 16. Electromagnetic Waves